High sensitivity and high selectivity terahertz biomedical imaging

We demonstrate two distinct emerging terahertz (THz) biomedical imaging techniques.One is based on the use of a new single frequency THz quantum cascade laser and the other is based on broadband THz time domain spectrocopy.The first method is employed to derive a metastasis lung tissue imaging at 3.7 THz with clear contrast between cancerous and healthy areas.The second approach is used to study an osseous tissue under several imaging modalities and achieve full THz spectroscopic imaging based on the freque...     

Highly sensitive miniature photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor based on mode field excitation

A highly sensitive miniature photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor based on field mode excitation is presented. The sensor is fabricated by melting one end of a photonic crystal fiber into a rounded tip and splicing and collapsing the other end with a single-mode fiber. The rounded tip is able to induce cladding mode excitation, which resulted in an additional phase delay. Linear response of 262.28 nm/refractive index unit in the refractive index range of 1.337 to 1.395 is obtained for the physical length of a 953 μm sensor. The sensor is also shown to be insensitive to environmental temperature.     

Axiomatic rank-dependent means

This paper provides an axiomatization for the implicit rank-dependent mean value, which class includes a number of mean values that have appeared in statistics, in utility theory and in the theory of income inequality measurement.     

Direct synthesis of chiral tertiary diphosphines via Pd(II)-catalyzed asymmetric hydrophosphination of dienones

A highly diastereo- and enantioselective Pd(II)-catalyzed hydrophosphination of dienones with Ph(2)PH involving formation of double C*-P bonds has been developed, providing a series of chiral tertiary diphosphines (chiral PCP pincer ligands) in high yields. A catalytic cycle for the reaction was proposed.     

A statistical-weight interpretation for the 1N2 convergence factors of the topological expansion

In a world with exact SU_N symmetry Veneziano has proposed a topological expansion in terms of the small dimensionless parameter $\text{1}\text{N}{}^2$. We relate this convergence factor to the density of hadronic states. The weakness of higher-order corrections (i.e., $\text{1}\text{N}{}^2$) is interpreted as reflecting the small proportion of states that can flow through a “cylinder.” States that communicate with the cylinder may be strongly affected thereby, but the number of such states is relatively small.     

Three-space from quantum mechanics

We formulate a discrete quantum-mechanical precursor to spacetime geometry. The objective is to provide the foundation for a quantum mechanics that is rooted exclusively in quantum-mechanical concepts, with all classical features, including the three-dimensional spatial continuum, emerging dynamically.     

Styrene and polystyrene microemulsions. I. Solubility in the W/O system

The solubility of styrene, its oligomers, and different molecular weight polymers was determined in W/O microemulsions stabilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate and pentanol. The results showed a complex pattern due to the interactions with pentanol, surfactant, and associated structures.     

Pion and nucleon dissociation in π−p→π−π+π−p at 205 GeV/c

In a 48 000-picture exposure of the Fermilab 30-inch hydrogen bubble chamber to a 205 GeV/cπ^?beam, we have measured 169 events of the reaction, π^?p→π^?π⁺π^?p, with a cross section of 635 ± 61 μb. This reaction proceeds almost entirely via low mass π^? → 3π and p → pππ dissociation. Factorization is satisfied for p → pππ dissociation in πp and pp interactions.     

Review of particle properties

This review of the properties of leptons, mesons, and baryons is an updating of Review of Particle Properties, Particle Data Group [Rev. Mod. Phys. 45, No. 2, Part II, Supplement (1973)]. Data are evaluated, listed, averaged, and summarized in tables.